Data types in C++ programming The compiler only knows this by the data type. What type of data is stored in the key variables And the compiler judges the memory space.
In which variable how much memory space to assign.
Just like we create variables to store data in C language.
In the way, we create data variables in C ++. These data variables are called data types.
INDEX –
- Types of data types
- Primary/Basic Data Types
- Integer data type
- Float data type
- Character data type
- Double data type
- Void data type
- User-Defined Data Types
- Class data type
- Enum data type
- Structure data type
- Union data type
- Derived Data Types
- Arrays
- Single/One Dimensional Array
- Multi-Dimensional Array
- Pointers
- Referencing Operator
- Dereferencing Operator
- Conclusion
- Frequently Asked Questions
Types of data types
The data types in C ++ are divided into 3 parts.
Primary /Basic Data Types – This type of data types are mostly used. And this data type is found in all programming languages.
User-Defined Data Types – These data types are called class. Which we create ourselves. And access.
Derived Data Types – It contains a combination of several types of data types. And these types of data types are called Derived Data Types
1.Primary /Basic Data Types –
Basic data types are those data types.
Which are commonly used data types in c++
And these types of data types are found in all programming languages.
these are the basic data types.
Which are mandatory to use. The list of basic data types is given below.
1. Integer data type –
Only data numbers are stored in this type of data type.
integer data type in decimal or Numbers or numbers that come after the decimal are not stored.
The integer data type only stores whole numbers.
The data type found in an integer data type is represented by the table below.
Integer Data Types, Storage Size, and Range
Range | Storage Size | Range |
int (16-bit) | 2 Bytes | -32,768 to 32,767 |
int (32-bit) | 4 Bytes | -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 |
int (64-bit) | 8 Bytes | -9,223,372,036,854,775,807 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
unsigned int (16-bit) | 2 Bytes | 0 to 65,535 |
short int | 2 Bytes | -32,768 to 32,767 |
unsigned short int | 2 Bytes | 0 to 65,535 |
signed short int | 2 Bytes | –32,768 to 32,767 |
long int | 4 Bytes | –2,147,483,647 to 2,147,483,647 |
unsigned long int | 4 Bytes | 0 to 4,294,967,295 |
signed long int | 4 Bytes | –2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 |
These data types are used according to their size.
is the type of int datastore you want to store. You can store them according to their size.
Ex- int num = 7000;
2. Floating Point data type –
In the Floating-point Data Type, we use the ‘float’ keyword to declare the variable.
Floating-point Data Type is of 4 bytes.
Numbers are as well stored by floating-point data types. Which contains a decimal. Floating-point data types are of 3 types.
Range | Data Types | Range |
float | 4 Bytes | 1.2E-38 to 3.4E+38 |
The range and size of the data types vary according to the table given above. You can use any data type according to you.
Example –
Float num =4.10;
3. Character data type –
These data types stores the character in the variables is if you want to store any character from A to Z. you can use character data types.
In the Character Data Type, we use the ‘char’ keyword to declare the variable.
One can declare only one character. for eg. ‘H’
multiple characters mean to print the entire string, use double quotes (” “). For
eg. char arr [10] = “Hello”;
Character Data Type is of 1 byte.
Storage Size | Storage Size | Range |
char | 1 Byte | -128 to 127 |
unsigned char (16-bit) | 1 Byte | 0 to 255 |
signed char | 1 Byte | –128 to 127 |
we create Character data types. we always define the data in single coats or double coats. An example is given below.
char num = ‘t’;
char num1 = “T”;
4. Double data type –
In double data type, we use the ‘double’ keyword to declare the variable.
Double Data Type is of 8 bytes.
There is no difference between the double and floating-point data types.
Range | Storage Size | Range |
double | 8 Bytes | 2.3E-308 to 1.7E+308 |
long double | 10 Bytes | 3.4E-4932 to 1.1E+4932 |
5. Void data type –
These data types are used for the function and parameter/argument of the function.
It does not return any value. void means the null value void has no value.
2. User-Defined Data Types –
Structure and union in C language are a user-defined data type. This type of data type is completely allowed in C ++. And at the time, C ++ provides us the capabilities to create some new user define data types which are known as object-oriented programming.
1. Class data type –
Class is an object-oriented programming base data types. And Class is a user-defined data type. The Class is like structure. we create variables as well function. And they are accessed by objects. An example is given below.
class num { your variables and function };
2. Enum data type –
Enum data type is user define data types. To create an enum data type, we use the enum keyword. And we create Enum data types.
numbers are attached to each of the names. using names like enum keyword automatically assigns names from 0 to values. An example is given below.
enum num {values1, values2, values3};
3. Structure data type –
Structure This is a collection of different data types.
the structure is to be used, use the keyword ‘struct’.
The Structure is similar to an array.
An Array is a collection of similar data types and Structure is a collection of different data types.
The declaration of every variable in the structure is called ‘member’.
Structure allocates different memory for each member.
Syntax for Structure
struct structure_name{
type member 1;
data_type member 2;
——————
——————
data_type memeber n;
};
4. Union data type –
The Union is a collection of different data types.
the union is to be used, use the keyword ‘union’.
The Union is similar to this structure.
The declaration of every variable made in a union is called ‘member’.
Union does not allocate different memory for each member.
Union members share the same memory location.
a member in a union is larger, it is the size of the entire union.
The Syntax for Union
struct union_name{
data member 1;
data member 2;
——————
——————
data_type member n;
};
read – Control Statements
3. Derived Data Types –
Derived data types are data types. Through whom we perform some operations in the program. Derived data types are derived from basic data types.
There are 3 types of derived data types found in C ++.
1. Array –
This is a collection of variables of the same data type.
Whatever the data type of Array can be. The element of Array is the first, its memory address is the lowest.
Array’s variables are stored at the nearest Memory Location.
Initialization of Array starts with ‘0’.
students have to store their names, have to make different variables.
for eg.
char stud1 = “TOSIF”, stud2 = “RAZA”;
Array has to create only one array_variable for all these names.
for eg.
char arr [12] = {“TOSIF”, “RAZA”};
There are two types of array
1. Single/One Dimensional Array –
Some memory is required to store every data types and variables in Programming Languages or Computer, integer requires 2 Bytes, Character needs 1 Byte.
In C++ Programming, Array is a data type that can initialize multiple values in an array_variable. Array’s base address 0 starts with this index number.
Syntax –
Data_type Array_name[size];
ex- int num[] = { 2, 4, 5, 3, 2 };
In this way, elements make their place on memory. If you have to store the value of these variables then in the single index mean int num [2] = 5; You can store the value through any such loop.
In this program Array’s variable has been initialized along with its values.
2. Multi-Dimensional Array –
Multi-Dimensional Array is type of Array in C++ Programming.
Syntax :-
Date_type array_name [row_size] [column_size];
for e.g. num [4] [3] = { {1,2,3} {4,5,6} {7,8,9} {10,11,12} };
This example has 4 rows and 3 columns,
In this way, 4 rows and 3 columns mean 4 rows * 3 columns = 12 values memory.
In this program, i and j used these two variables to display the initialized values in the output, and with the help of these two variables two for loop means the nested loop is repeated.
The i variable is declared to display the values of the rows and the j variable is declared to display the values of the columns.
2. Pointer –
each variable has a memory address and to see the memory address, the programmer has to put ‘&’ (address operator) the variable
The value of Variable is accessed with the help of this memory address, this is called ‘Pointers’.
Pointer holds the address of variable.
Each variable has an address. the variable declares, only it stores at a memory location.
Ex- int a = 10;
Syntax for Pointer Declaration
data_type *pointer_name;
Example for Pointer Declaration
int *ptr1; // integer pointer variable
char *ptr2; // character pointer variable
float *ptr3; // float pointer variable
double *ptr4; // double pointer variable
you want to hold the address of an integer data type variable, the pointer will be of the same data type as the data type variable, meaning the variable is int, the pointer will be int. if the variable is char the pointer variable will be char. The pointer does not hold any value, only holds its address and from that address, the value of the variable with the pointer is printed.
There are two types of pointer
1. Referencing Operator –
Referencing means holding the address of other variable.
To hold the address of each variable whose address is to be held and the pointer variable to hold, the data type of both of them must be the same.
Example – int a = 10;
int *ptr;
ptr = &a; //address of a stored in ptr
2. Dereferencing Operator –
Using asterisk (*) in dereferencing, in pointer it is called Dereferencing Operator.
In dereferencing, the value stored in the pointer is accessed.
int a = 10;
int *ptr;
ptr = &a;
int b = *ptr; // ptr means dereferencing
cout<<“Value of a : “<
Output –
Value of a : 10
3. Functions
source – javatpoint
Conclusion –
Primary /Basic Data Types, User-Defined Data Types, Derived Data And these types all of them Syntax, examples, I gave you above.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Data types define the type of data a variable can hold, for example, an integer variable can hold to categorized in three groups: Built-in, user-defined, and Derived.
In C++ we can also define our data types like a class or a structure. These are called user-defined types.
This type of data type is mostly used. And this data type is found in all programming languages
The Derived types are derived or formed from the built-in/primitive data types.
Primitive data types that store different values use entities called data type modifiers to modify the length of the value that they can hold.
By using the typedef declaration, we create an alias or another name for the data type. Then we can use this alias to declare more variables.
One reason to use pointers is so that a variable or an object can be modified in a called function. In C++ it is a better practice to use references than pointers. This makes it easy to change the way the calling function receives the value without having to modify the semantics of passing it.
An array is a data structure that contains a group of elements. Typically these elements are all of the same data type, such as an integer or string. Arrays are commonly used in computer programs to organize data so that a related set of values can be easily sorted or searched.