Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) – an international organization

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is an international organization (a group of countries) that does not want to be formally affiliated with any major power block or the group of countries.

In 2018, the movement had 125 members and 25 observer countries.  The group was formed in 1961 in Belgrade.

CONTENTS

• Historical Background
• Inauguration
• Basic Principles of the Non-Aligned Movement NAM
• Member States
• Meetings of the Non-Aligned Movement
• Nehru: Non-Alignment Indian Architect
• Summits of Non-Aligned Movement
• FAQ

Historical Background

After World War II, two powers appeared, the United States and the former USSR.

At the same time, Imperialism declined and nations gained independence in Asia and Africa. The superpowers wanted to conquer as many independent nations as possible.

It was a cold war between the former USSR, which led the socialist countries. And made the United States the leader of free democracy.

Inauguration

The Non-Aligned Movement was formed during the Cold War. It is largely an organization of States. That did not seek the formal alignment of the United States or the Soviet Union. That was under the initiative of then-Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito. But sought to remain independent or neutral.

French demographer, anthropologist and historian Alfred Sauvy coined the term Third World (French: Tires Mondi). In an article published in the French magazine L’Observateur on August 14, 1952.

Citing countries that were not affiliated with the Communist Soviet bloc of the Cold War.

At the time NATO’s capitalist party that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc.

Basic Principles of the Non-Aligned Movement NAM

The principles adopted at the Bandung Conference and indicated at the First Summit are as follows:

• Mutual respect for everyone’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
• Equality and mutual benefit
• Mutual non-aggression
• Peaceful coexistence
• Mutual non-interference with one another

These principles are collectively known as Panchshil and are the primary guide for its management.

TheMember States

There are currently 120 members of the Non-Aligned Movement. And 17 observer states and 10 international observers.

Africa

1.  Algeria (1961)
2.  Angola (1976)
3.  Benin (1964)
4.  Botswana (1970)
5.  Burkina Faso (1973)
6.  Burundi (1964)
7.  Cameroon (1964)
8.  Cape Verde (1976)
9.  Central African Republic (1964)
10.  Chad (1964)
11.  Comoros (1976)
12.  Democratic Republic of the Congo (1961)
13.  Djibouti (1983)
14.  Egypt (1961)
15.  Equatorial Guinea (1970)
16.  Eritrea (1995)
17.  Eswatini (1970)
18.  Ethiopia (1961)
19.  Gabon (1970)
20.  Gambia (1973)
21.  Ghana (1961)
22.  Guinea (1961)
23.  Guinea-Bissau (1976)
24.  Côte d’Ivoire (1973)
25.  Kenya (1964)
26.  Lesotho (1970)
27.  Liberia (1964)
28.  Libya (1964)
29.  Madagascar (1973)
30.  Malawi (1964)
31.  Mali (1961)
32.  Mauritania (1964)
33.  Mauritius (1973)
34.  Morocco (1961)
35.  Mozambique (1976)
36.  Namibia (1979)
37.  Niger (1973)
38.  Nigeria (1964)
39.  Republic of the Congo (1964)
40.  Rwanda (1970)
41.  São Tomé and Príncipe (1976)
42.  Senegal (1964)
43.  Seychelles (1976)
44.  Sierra Leone (1964)
45.  Somalia (1961)
46.  South Africa (1994)
47.  Sudan (1961)
48.  Tanzania (1964)
49.  Togo (1964)
50.  Tunisia (1961)
51.  Uganda (1964)
52.  Zambia (1964)
53. Zimbabwe (1979)

Americas

1.  Antigua and Barbuda (2006)
2.  Bahamas (1983)
3.  Barbados (1983)
4.  Belize (1976)
5.  Bolivia (1979)
6.  Chile (1973)
7.  Colombia (1983)
8.  Cuba (1961)
9.  Dominica (2006)
10.  Dominican Republic (2000)
11.  Ecuador (1983)
12.  Grenada (1979)
13.  Guatemala (1993)
14.  Guyana (1970)
15.  Haiti (2006)
16.  Honduras (1995)
17.  Jamaica (1970)
18.  Nicaragua (1979)
19.  Panama (1976)
20.  Peru (1973)
21.  Saint Lucia (1983)
22.  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2003)
23.  Suriname (1983)
24.  Trinidad and Tobago (1970)
25.  Venezuela (1989)
26.  Saint Kitts and Nevis (2006)

Asia

1.  Afghanistan (1961)
2.  Bahrain (1973)
3.  Bangladesh (1973)
4.  Bhutan (1973)
5.  Brunei (1993)
6.  Cambodia (1961)
7.  India (1961)
8.  Indonesia (1961)
9.  Iran (1979)
10.  Iraq (1961)
11.  Jordan (1964)
12.  Kuwait (1964)
13.  Laos (1964)
14.  Lebanon (1961)
15.  Malaysia (1970)
16.  Maldives (1976)
17.  Mongolia (1993)
18.  Myanmar (1961)
19.  Nepal (1961)
20.  North Korea (1976)
21.  Oman (1973)
22.  Pakistan (1979)
23.  Palestine (1976)
24.  Philippines (1993)
25.  Qatar (1973)
26.  Saudi Arabia (1961)
27.  Singapore (1970)
28.  Sri Lanka (1961)
29.  Syria (1964)
30.  Thailand (1993)
31.  East Timor (2003)
32.  Turkmenistan (1995)
33.  United Arab Emirates (1970)
34.  Uzbekistan (1993)
35.  Vietnam (1976)
36. Yemen (1990)

Europe

1.  Azerbaijan (2011)
2.  Belarus (1998)

Oceani

1.  Fiji (2011)
2.  Papua New Guinea (1993)
3.  Vanuatu (1983)

Former member

1.  Cyprus (1961–2004)
2.  Malta (1973–2004)
3.  Yugoslavia (1961–1992)

Observers

The following countries and organizations have observer status:

Countries

1.  Argentina
2.  Armenia
3.  Bosnia and Herzegovina
4.  Brazil
5.  China
6.  Costa Rica
7.  Croatia
8.  El Salvador
9.  Kazakhstan
10.  Kyrgyzstan
11.  Mexico
12.  Montenegro
13.  Paraguay
14.  Serbia
15.  Tajikistan
16.  Ukraine
17.  Uruguay

Organisations

1. African Union
2. Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organisation
3. Arab League
4. Commonwealth Secretariat
5. Hostosian National Independence Movement
6. Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front
7. Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
8. South Centre
9. United Nations
10. World Peace Council

Meetings of the Non-Aligned Movement:

The Summit of the Heads of Government of the Non-Aligned Movement is a summit held every three years. At least a month before the General Assembly of the NAM’s highest meeting.

Before the summit, the Bureau of Coordination determines the composition of the bureau to preside over the conference.

On a regional basis, with the President, 20 Vice-Presidents were elected (8 Africa, 7 Asia, 4 Latin America and the Caribbean, 1 Eastern Europe)

A few days before the summit, senior officials and foreign ministers met. The decisions and documents are taken at the high-level meeting. The decisions to examined at the Foreign Ministers meeting and submitted for approval at the peak.

The mid-term ministerial conference was held 18 months after the summit and reviewed. The decisions of the previous summit and prepared for the next summit.

NAM’s cabinet meeting was held in New York in September as part of a general debate on the UN General Assembly.

Nehru: Non-Alignment Indian Architect

The whole world was forced to unite with one or the other of the two powerful superpowers, with leaders of the Third World Nehru and other newly independent countries (the 1950s and 1960s) giving birth to non-marginalization – non-dependency.

Since then, MNA has become an important component of India’s foreign policy. They enjoying the unwavering support of global leaders.

Summits of Non-Aligned Movement

Since the first meeting of this movement in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. The first meeting of the governments of neutral countries was held every few years in that movement. So, as a result, there have been 18 national summits:

Undoubtedly, upholding MNA’s policies would mean that MNA members would show solidarity, friendly resolution of disputes. And a determination not to engage in bitter rivalry; But in favour of cooperation, mutual interest and respect.

The member states of the movement must continue to ensure that they are able to meet the challenges.

It is my respectful responsibility to you as this movement, led by Azerbaijan, begins a new phase of its existence.  I wish you all the fruitful discussions, His Excellency.

FAQ

Raju Mallick

CEO of Shilalipi.in